TRAVEL TIPS FOR TRAVELING TO PERU AND MACHU PICCHU

Complete Guide 2025 – Hike Expeditions

Traveling to the Republic of Peru, and specifically to the Cusco region—the sacred cradle of the Inca Empire, historic capital, and home to iconic routes such as the Classic Inca Trail, Salkantay Trek, Lares Trek, and the mystical citadel of Machu Picchu—is the culmination of any traveler’s and high-altitude trekking enthusiast’s dream. It is an experience that transcends mere tourism, transforming into a personal expedition.

However, the extreme altitude, changing Andean microclimate, rigorous trekking requirements, and precise logistical organization can present unexpected challenges for visitors.

At Hike Expeditions, we are committed to ensuring that every traveler enjoys a safe, meticulously organized, and completely unforgettable experience. We have distilled our operational expertise into this comprehensive Travel Tips guide to help you plan your next great adventure in the heart of the Andes with the utmost confidence.

1. Before traveling to Peru: Essential preparation

Planning begins months before your flight. This phase determines the success or failure of your acclimatization and enjoyment at altitude.

1.1. Rigorous Documentation and Entry Requirements

Documentation should be your top priority, especially if you plan to hike the Inca Trail.

• Passport and Validity: It is imperative that your passport has at least 6 months of validity remaining at the time of your entry into Peru.
• Tourist Visa: Citizens of most countries in the Americas and Europe can enter under the tourist regime without a visa, with a maximum stay of 90 or 183 days (at the discretion of the immigration officer). Check the specific requirements for your nationality.
• Backup Copies: Bring photocopies and digital copies (stored in the cloud and on your phone) of your passport information page and any important trekking permits or reservations.
• The Passport-Permit Link (CRITICAL!): If you have purchased your permit for the Inca Trail (or any other regulated trek), the passport number used in the purchase must be identical to the passport you will present at the trail checkpoint. Any discrepancy, including renewals, may result in denial of access. If you renew your passport, you must immediately notify your agency (Hike Expeditions) to process an official update with the Decentralized Directorate of Culture (DDC) in Cusco.

1.2. Travel Insurance: A Non-Negotiable Investment

In the Andean geography, which involves altitudes above 3500 meters above sea level, adventure tourism carries inherent risks. Robust travel insurance is mandatory, not optional.

Your policy must explicitly cover:

• Medical Evacuation and Mountain Rescue: This is the most important point. Make sure it covers helicopter rescue in remote areas of the Andes (such as Salkantay or Ausangate), as these costs can be astronomical. Foreign Medical
• Assistance: Comprehensive coverage for hospitalization and emergency care, including treatment for Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) or Soroche.
• Trip Cancellation/Interruption: Protection against unforeseen events that force you to cancel before departure or interrupt the expedition once it has begun.
• Lost/Delayed Luggage: Important, as airlines often mishandle bags.

At Hike Expeditions, we only accept travelers with adequate medical coverage.

1.3. Selecting the Ideal Season (Andean Weather)

Peru has two main seasons, and your choice will affect the logistics of your hike:

Station

Dry season (April–October)

Key Features

Sunny days, clear blue skies. Less rain, cold nights (sub-zero temperatures at high altitudes). Peak tourist season.

Perfect for…

Long-distance trekking (Inca Trail, Salkantay, Ausangate). More stable and secure trail conditions.

Rainy season (November–March)

Key Features

Heavy rainfall, especially in the afternoons. Lush, green landscapes. Fewer tourists. Increased risk of landslides.

Perfect for…

Landscape photography, cultural visits. The Inca Trail is closed for maintenance in February.

Extra Tip: April, May, and October are considered the best months, as they combine dry weather with slightly fewer tourists than the peak months of June through August.

2. Tips for adjusting to the altitude in Cusco

Cusco sits at an elevated altitude of 3,399 meters above sea level (approximately 11,152 feet). Adapting to the reduced oxygen levels is key to fully enjoying your visit.

2.1. The Gradual Acclimatization Protocol (The 72-Hour Rule)

Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) or Soroche is common but manageable with a well-defined strategy:

1. Sleep Low: Many experts recommend spending the first 1 to 2 nights in the Sacred Valley of the Incas (such as Pisac or Ollantaytambo), whose average altitudes are around 2,800 meters above sea level, before climbing to Cusco. This allows the body to gradually begin producing red blood cells.
2. Initial Rest (First 24 hours): Avoid strenuous physical activity. The goal is not to sightsee, but to rest.
3. Hyperactive Hydration: The dry air at high altitudes causes rapid dehydration. Drink 3 to 4 liters of water or liquids daily. Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the first 48 hours, as they are diuretics and accelerate dehydration.
4. Light Diet: The digestive process slows down at altitude. Eat simple carbohydrates and avoid heavy, fatty meals or excess red meat at the beginning.
5. Prophylactic Medications: Consult your doctor. Acetazolamide (Diamox) is the most common medication and should be taken 24 hours before ascending and during the first few days. Andean natives use coca tea (coca leaf infusion), which helps alleviate mild symptoms of altitude sickness.

2.2. Altitudes on Trekking Routes (Technical Reference)

Safety Warning: If you experience severe symptoms (constant vomiting, mental confusion, persistent cough with expectoration, ataxia), you must descend immediately. These may be signs of High Altitude Pulmonary or Cerebral Edema (HAPE/HACE), which are serious medical emergencies.

3. Economy, Currency, and Transactions on the Route

Managing finances and cash is crucial, especially when you are away from urban centers.

3.1. Local Currency and Currency Exchange Offices

• Official currency: The Peruvian Sol (PEN). The denomination S/ is the most common.
• Currency exchange offices: In Cusco, the streets near the Plaza de Armas offer the best rates. Avoid exchanging money at the airport, as the rates are unfavorable.
• US Dollars (USD): This is the most widely accepted foreign currency. Make sure your bills are in perfect condition (no tears or stains), as they are strict about the quality of the bills.

3.2. Payment Strategy: Card vs. Cash

• Cities (Lima and Cusco): Most hotels, high-end restaurants, and souvenir shops accept credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard, Amex).
• Rural Areas and Trekking: Cash is king. You will need soles for tips (guides, porters, cooks), purchases at local markets, small shops in villages (tienditas), or paying for restrooms along the way. Calculate how much you will need for tips ($60-150 USD per traveler, depending on the length of the trek).
• ATMs: Use ATMs from large, reliable banks (BCP, BBVA, Scotiabank, Interbank). Withdraw larger amounts to minimize transaction fees and be sure to use ATMs inside banks or shopping centers for security.

Notify your bank that you will be traveling to Peru to avoid any blocks on your card.

4. Equipment for High Altitude Trekking (Technical Details)

Your gear is your defense against the Andean environment. Prioritize functionality, weight, and adaptability.

4.1. Three-Layer Clothing System (Revision)

The temperature variability in the Andes—ranging from 25 °C during the day to about 5 °C at night—requires an efficient and well-planned layering system:

1. Base Layer (Moisture Management):
   Use merino wool (excellent for odor control and warmth) or high-performance synthetic fabrics that wick away sweat.
   Avoid cotton, as it retains moisture, increases cold risk, and dries very slowly.
2. Mid Layer (Insulation):
   Wear a 200 g fleece or a lightweight down/synthetic insulated jacket.
   This layer is essential for keeping body heat during breaks, early mornings, and nighttime temperatures.
3. Outer Layer (Weather Protection):
   Choose a waterproof jacket and pants (shell layer) made with Gore-Tex or similar waterproof-breathable technology.
   This outer layer must provide strong protection against wind, rain, and sudden weather changes, which are common in high-altitude environments.

4.2. The Foot Survival Kit

The most common mistake in trekking is underestimating foot care.

• Footwear: Waterproof and broken-in trekking boots. For light and dry treks, trail running shoes may work, but for the Inca Trail and Salkantay, ankle protection is preferred.
• Socks: Use Merino wool with a double-layer system: a thin inner sock for friction control and a padded outer sock. Change your socks midday if they are damp.
• Blister Prevention: Bring Moleskin, kinesiology tape (KT Tape), and hydrocolloid patches (Compeed). Apply protection at the first sign of a “hot spot.”

4.3. The Expedition First Aid Kit (Expansion)

In addition to the basics, your first aid kit should include:

• For altitude sickness: Acetazolamide tablets (prescription), ibuprofen (for altitude headaches), and antiemetics (for nausea/vomiting).
• For stomach problems: Loperamide (Imodium) for diarrhea and electrolyte tablets for rehydration.
• Sunscreen and Protection: High SPF sunscreen (50+), lip balm with UV protection. UV radiation at high altitudes is extremely intense.

5. Essential Tips for Visiting Machu Picchu

The Inca citadel is the highlight, but it requires its own logistics.

5.1. Reservations and Tickets (The Priority!)

Entrance tickets to Machu Picchu have a strict limit and are managed by Circuits:

• Circuits 1 and 2 (Classic View): These offer the famous panoramic views from the Guardian’s House and are the most sought after. Circuit 2 is the most complete, including the Sun Route.
• Circuits 3 and 4 (Lower Area): Focused on the Temple of the Sun, Agricultural Zone, and Sacred Rock. Ideal if you climb Huayna Picchu or Machu Picchu Mountain (which require additional tickets and have greater restrictions).

Reservations: Tickets must be purchased months in advance, especially if you want popular routes such as the Inca Trail (6 months) or Huayna Picchu Mountain (3 months).

5.2. Transportation to the Citadel

Train to Aguas Calientes (Machu Picchu Pueblo):
Two main companies—PeruRail and Inca Rail—operate trains to Aguas Calientes. It is important to book in advance, especially during high season.
Available classes include:

Vistadome / 360°: offer panoramic roofs and windows ideal for enjoying the scenery.

Expedition / Voyager: more economical but equally comfortable options.

Bus from Aguas Calientes to Machu Picchu:
The journey takes approximately 25 minutes and buses begin operating at 5:30 a.m. Lines can be long in the mornings, so it is recommended to arrive early if you want to see the sunrise at Machu Picchu.
It is also possible to walk up (approx. 1.5 hours). This is a free alternative, but it requires good physical condition due to the constant ascent.

5.3. Baggage Regulations at Machu Picchu

The sanctuary’s protection rules are strict:

• Backpacks: Only small backpacks (maximum 25 liters) are allowed. Large suitcases or backpacks must be left in the cloakroom at the entrance.
• Prohibitions: Food, trekking poles without rubber tips, large tripods, selfie sticks, drones, alcohol, and pets are not allowed.

6. Comparison of Trekking Routes: What is your Ideal Expedition?

The choice of route defines the character of your adventure.

Tip from Hike Expeditions: If this is your first time at high altitude, the Lares Trek or the Short Inca Trail (2 days) are excellent starting points to test your acclimatization.

Conclusion: Your Adventure in the Andes Awaits You

Peru is a destination that demands respect and preparation, but it richly rewards every expedition member. Its mystical and intense geography and ancient history require proper planning.

With these detailed Travel Tips from Hike Expeditions, you have the complete roadmap to ensure a safe, organized, and deeply enriching trip. The Andean mountains are a classroom for life; come prepared to learn and transform yourself.

If you want to simplify all these logistics and plan your trip with certified guides and professional support staff, we are at your service.

📩 info@hikeexpeditions.com – booking@hikeexpeditions.com

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